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Bonding, structure and properties of matter

Physical foundations · Lesson 4 of 5

Lesson 4 of 5

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Lesson 4 of 5 · Physical foundations

Bonding, structure and properties of matter

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Describe ionic bonding, covalent bonding and metallic bonding in terms of electrostatic attraction, and distinguish between giant ionic lattices, simple molecular substances, giant covalent structures and metallic lattices.
Use dot-and-cross diagrams and displayed formulae to represent bonding in molecules and ions within the specification’s range.

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Explain the origin and relative strength of intermolecular forces, including van der Waals’ forces, permanent dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

Relate bonding and structure to physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, solubility, hardness and volatility for ionic, molecular, metallic and giant covalent substances.

Explain how polarity arises from electronegativity differences and molecular shape, and apply this to bond polarity and overall molecular polarity.

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