Qualifying claims: modifiers, concession, counterargument and rebuttal

By the end you’ll be able to

• Explain how modifiers and qualifiers (often, some, may, in most cases) and limiting clauses narrow or strengthen a claim (3.C)
• Identify concessions, counterarguments, refutations and rebuttals, and explain how each affects the writer’s credibility with the audience
• Distinguish refutation (showing that an opposing claim is wrong) from rebuttal (offering a contrasting perspective without disproving the other)