Fixed-income markets, issuance, trading, and funding

By the end you’ll be able to

• Describe the primary roles of issuers, underwriters, dealers, brokers, investors, and trading venues in fixed-income markets.
• Distinguish primary market issuance methods, including public offering, private placement, shelf registration, and auction procedures commonly used in sovereign markets.
• Compare secondary market structures and trading mechanisms, including over-the-counter dealer markets, electronic trading, bid-offer markets, and order-driven settings where relevant.