Inventories, long-lived assets, and intangible assets

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Calculate inventory balances and cost of sales using perpetual and periodic systems and common cost formulas, including FIFO and weighted average, and explain the effects of method choice on financial statements and ratios.
Explain inventory valuation issues, including lower of cost and net realizable value under IFRS and lower of cost or market conventions under US GAAP, and assess the analytical implications of write-downs and reversals where permitted.

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Analyze the effects of capitalization versus expensing, depreciation method choice, and asset disposals on profitability, asset turnover, and cash flow measures.

Explain impairment testing and accounting for long-lived assets, finite-lived intangible assets, indefinite-lived intangible assets, and goodwill, and compare IFRS and US GAAP treatment where relevant.

Interpret the analytical effects of internally generated versus acquired intangible assets on comparability, leverage, and performance metrics.

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