Physical connectivity, interface and cable faults

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Troubleshoot physical connectivity issues by inspecting link lights, interface state, transceiver status, cable seating, patching paths and hardware power state.
Diagnose copper, fiber and transceiver faults, including damaged or incorrect cable types, attenuation, polarity problems, dirty fiber ends, bad SFP or GBIC modules and unsupported or mismatched optics.

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Interpret interface statistics and symptoms to identify Layer 1 and interface problems such as CRC errors, runts, giants, late collisions, input errors, output drops, speed mismatches and duplex mismatches.

Use appropriate troubleshooting tools to validate physical media and signal integrity, including cable testers, tone generators and probes, loopback plugs, optical power meters and time domain reflectometers where applicable.

Evaluate environmental and installation causes of physical faults, including electromagnetic interference, improper bend radius, distance limitations, poor labeling, faulty patch panels, inadequate power and damaged ports.

Apply corrective actions for common physical faults and verify restoration of connectivity and expected link performance after replacement, reseating, reconfiguration or recabling.

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