Pressure in solids, liquids and gases; atmospheric pressure and upthrust

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Calculate pressure in solids using $p=\frac{F}{A}$ and apply the effect of changing force or area.
Describe pressure in a fluid as caused by particles colliding with surfaces and with each other.
Explain that fluid pressure acts in all directions and increases with depth in a liquid.

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Describe atmospheric pressure, explain why it decreases with altitude, and apply it in simple contexts involving pressure differences.

Explain upthrust as the resultant force caused by differences in fluid pressure and apply it to floating and sinking objects.

Describe pressure changes in gases in terms of particle motion, including effects of compression and heating in closed systems where required.

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