Critical reasoning: method, role, and parallel reasoning

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Describe the method of reasoning used in an argument, such as analogy, elimination, causal reasoning, appeal to evidence, or rebuttal of an alternative.
Identify the role played by a statement within an argument, including premise, conclusion, concession, counterexample, background, or intermediate conclusion.

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Recognize when a parallel-flaw question requires matching not only the form of the reasoning but also the same logical defect.

Translate concrete subject matter into an abstract argument pattern in order to compare structures across different contexts.

Eliminate answer choices that share surface topic features but not the same argumentative method, role, or logical form.

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