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DNA replication, transcription, translation and mutation

Inheritance, variation and populations · Lesson 1 of 4

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Lesson 1 of 4 · Inheritance, variation and populations

DNA replication, transcription, translation and mutation

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Describe the structure of DNA and RNA using the terms nucleotide, pentose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base, phosphodiester bond, hydrogen bonding, antiparallel strands, double helix, purine and pyrimidine.
Explain semi-conservative DNA replication, including the roles of helicase, DNA polymerase, free nucleotides, complementary base pairing, condensation reactions and, where specified, ligase.

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Apply the genetic code to determine mRNA codons, tRNA anticodons and amino acid sequences from given DNA or RNA sequences.

Explain how the base sequence of DNA determines the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide and how the tertiary structure and function of proteins may be affected by changes in primary structure.

Describe and classify mutations as gene mutations or chromosome mutations, including substitution, insertion, deletion and duplication, and explain their possible effects on polypeptide synthesis, phenotype and disease risk.

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