Qualitative inorganic analysis of cations, anions and gases

By the end you’ll be able to

• Apply the standard test with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify common metal cations, including $\ce{Al^{3+}}$, $\ce{Ca^{2+}}$, $\ce{Cu^{2+}}$, $\ce{Fe^{2+}}$, $\ce{Fe^{3+}}$, $\ce{Cr^{3+}}$, $\ce{Zn^{2+}}$ and $\ce{NH4^+}$, from precipitate formation, colour and solubility in excess reagent.
• Interpret ligand-exchange and complex-formation observations in qualitative analysis, especially where precipitates dissolve in excess aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide to give characteristic solutions.